National Police (France)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
National Police
Police nationale
Police nationale France police patch blanc.jpg
Patch of the National Police.
MottoPro patria vigilant[1]
Agency overview
FormedJuly 9, 1966
Preceding agencySûreté nationale (1944–1966)
Employees145,200 (2015)
Legal personalityGovernmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional structure
National agencyFrance
Size551,695 km²
Population67.2 million
Governing bodyCabinet of France
General nature
Operational structure
Overviewed byDirection générale de la police nationale
HeadquartersParis, France
Minister responsibleGérard Collomb, Ministry of the Interior
Agency executivePhilippe Dubois, Director-General
Directorates
Facilities
Helicopters0 see Sécurité Civile
Website
Official website (in French)
March against digital rights management techniques and the DADVSI copyright law (from Bastille plaza to the Ministry of Culture).
The National Police (French: Police nationale), formerly known as the Sûreté nationale, is one of two national police forces, along with the National Gendarmerie, and the main civil law enforcement agency of France, with primary jurisdiction in cities and large towns. The other main agency is the military Gendarmerie, with primary jurisdiction in smaller towns and rural and border areas. The National Police comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior and has about 145,699 employees (in April 2008).
The National Police operates mostly in large cities and towns. In that context:
  • it conducts security operations (patrols, traffic control, identity checks)
  • under the orders and supervision of the investigating magistrates of the judiciary, it conducts criminal enquiries, serves search warrants, etc.; it maintains specific services ("judicial police") for criminal enquiries.

Organization[edit]

The police is commanded by the director-general (directeur général de la police nationale) who is currently Jean-Marc Falcone. The director-general is directly in charge of the General Directorate of the National Police (French: Direction Générale de la Police nationale) (DGPN) and the immediate subordinate of the Minister of the Interior.[2]
The police is then sub-divided into (central) directorates which are composed of sub-directorates :
The Préfet de Police, currently Bernard Boucault (fr), under direct orders of the Minister of the Interior, manages the Préfecture de Police de Paris which includes all police and security services in Paris and neighbouring départements, those services not being under the control of the director-general. The police forces in the other départements of the Île-de-France region are under the direct command of the Préfet (Département Prefect) in charge, being himself under the supervision of the Préfet de Police as far as the active on-the-field police work is concerned, and under the control of the director-general for the rest.

Former directorates[edit]

As of 1 July 2008, the following two National Police directorates:
were merged into one single domestic intelligence agency titled the Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur (DCRI). The DCRI was placed directly under the Ministry of the Interior.[4]

Ranks[edit]

The National Police is divided into three corps, in the terminology of the French Civil Service, in ascending order of seniority:
  • The Corps d'encadrement et d'application (Management and Enforcement Corps) corresponds approximately to the enlisted and non-commissioned ranks in a military force, or to constables and sergeants in a British-style civil police force.
  • Gardien de la paix stagiaire (keeper of the peace, intern") 1st year after school.
    •  
  • Gardien de la paix(keeper of the peace)
    •  
  • Brigadier
    •  
  • Brigadier-chef
    •  
  • Major
  • The Corps de commandement (Command Corps) corresponds approximately to the lower commissioned ranks of a military force, or the grades of inspector and chief inspector in a British-style civil police force. These ranks were previously known as inspecteurs if detectives or officiers de la paix if uniformed, although CRS officers always used the current ranks.
  • Lieutenant student
    •  
  • Lieutenant intern
    •  
  • Lieutenant (formerly Officier de la paix or Inspecteur)
    •  
  • Capitaine (formerly Officer de la paix principal or Inspecteur principal)
    •  
  • Commandant (formerly Commandant or Inspecteur divisionnaire)
  • The Corps de conception et de direction (Conception and Direction Corps) corresponds approximately to the higher commissioned ranks of a military force, or to grades of superintendent and chief officers in a British-style civil police force.
  • Commissaire de police(Superintendent)
    •  
  • Commissaire divisionnaire (Chief Superintendent)
    •  
  • Contrôleur général(Controller General) the equivalent of a D.A.C. or Commander. In the 'provincial constabularies', this is the rank of an Assistant Chief Constable.
    •  
  • Inspecteur général(Inspector General) This is the equivalent of a Deputy Chief Constable or Assistant Commissioner/Deputy Commissioner in London.
    •  
  • Directeur des services actifs (Director of the Active Services) or the 'Chief Constable rank (A commissioner in London) in a British-style police force
All the ranks insignia may be worn either on the shoulders or on the chest. In the latter they are square-shaped.
Prior to 1995 two civilian corps ("Inspecteurs" and "Enquêteurs") existed in which plain-clothes officers were given the training and authority to conduct investigations. The closest Anglo-American equivalent is the detective.

Equipment[edit]

Weapons[edit]

SP 2022, the present standard issued sidearm of French police officers.
In 1935, the French police used a variety of side arms, both revolvers and semi-automatic pistols, notably comprising the MAS 1873, the MAS 1892, the FN M1900, Ruby pistols, and a variety of privately purchased weapons.
Immediately after the Second World War, a variety of military side arms was used, often captured weapons provided by the Army or French-produced German-designed weapons, such as the Mauser HSc or the Walther P38 for sidearms, and the Karabiner 98k rifle.
In 1951, a standardisation was performed on the RR 51 pistol[5] in 7.65x17mm and on the MAS-38 and MAT-49 for sub-machine guns. From 1953, in the context of heightening violence of the Algeria War, CRS units were upgraded to the 9x19mm MAC Mle 1950
In the early 1960x, large-caliber revolvers were introduced, culminating with the introduction of the Manurhin MR 73 and the Ruger SP101. In the 80s, a process to standardize revolvers was initiated. The 1970s also saw the introduction of assault rifles[clarification needed] (such as the SIG SG 543) to fend off heavily armed organised crime and terrorism.
In the 2000s, the police started switching to semi-automatic pistols and to the 9x19mm Parabellum cartridge. For some years, the standard sidearm in the National Police and the Gendarmerie Nationale was the PAMAS G1, which was French licensed and made. In 2003 both agencies made the biggest small arms contract since the Second World War[6] for about 250,000 SIG SIG Sauer Pro SP 2022s, a custom-tailored variant of the SIG Pro, replacing the PAMAS-G1 and several other pistols in service. The weapons are planned to stay in service until the year 2022, hence the weapon name.
For greater threats the police use slightly modified Ruger Mini-14s purchased in the 1970s.

Cars[edit]

While the vast majority of vehicles are screen printed French brand (mainly Renault, Citroen and Peugeot), some service vehicles are provided by Ford and Opel. Plain clothes officers or specialised branches use vehicles from a variety of builders.

Pictures[edit]

  • Police in the process of combing.
    •  
  • Police in the process of combing.

In popular culture[edit]

Television series[edit]

  • Maigret (various television series)
  • The Last Five Minutes (Les cinq dernières minutes) (1958–1996)
  • Navarro (1989–2005)
  • Commissaire Moulin (1976–2006)
  • Police Judiciaire/P.J. (1997–2009)